How can I recognize poisoning in my horse?

Danger can lurk anywhere, whether at the side of the road, in forests, or even in your own pasture. Eating poisonous plants can be fatal for horses. But plants are not the only source of danger when it comes to poisoning.

INHALT
Recognizing when something is wrong First aid measures in case of poisoning How is poisoning treated? The same applies to poisoning: prevention is better than cure
Recognizing when something is wrong

As a horse owner, it is important not only to know that there are poisonous plants, but also to be able to recognize them. You should also keep an eye out for other sources of poisoning. But how can you tell if your horse has been poisoned? There are a number of symptoms that may indicate poisoning:

  • Increased salivation
  • Dilated pupils
  • Mucous membrane changes (discoloration to grayish or almost pink)
  • Restless, easily excitable horse
  • Behavioral changes (very skittish or apathetic)
  • Sweating
  • Convulsions
  • Trembling
  • Crooked neck posture
  • Circulatory failure (shock)
  • Paralysis
  • Diarrhea
  • Colic
  • Discolored urine
  • Blood in feces
  • Breathing problems
  • Changes in body temperature
  • Edema (swelling)

In case of acute poisoning, contact your veterinarian immediately. Tell them exactly what your horse has eaten. If possible, show them the plant or toxin.

The following symptoms may indicate chronic poisoning:

  • Emaciation
  • Laminitis
  • Behavioral changes
  • Skin changes
  • Hair loss
  • Pale mucous membranes

First aid measures in case of poisoning

In cases of acute poisoning, you need to act quickly. You should keep your horse stable, which means above all: no physical stress and no more exertion. If you are out riding, you should definitely try to have your horse picked up with a horse trailer.

Otherwise, "rest" is the best course of action. The horse should be allowed to drink plenty of water but not eat anything until the vet, who must be called immediately, has been able to assess the situation. You may be able to feed activated charcoal after consulting your vet by phone. Ideally, you will have this in your emergency stable first aid kit.

Try to keep the animal's circulation stable, if necessary with cool wraps around the legs, a cold cloth on the neck or around the chest. If your horse is shivering and freezing, wrap it well in blankets, even in summer. If it does not want to drink, try adding glucose to the water to encourage it to drink.

If the horse has ingested highly toxic substances, you may rinse its mouth and clean its nostrils. Pasture horses standing in direct sunlight should be moved to the shade. Ensure that your horse is protected and can remain calm.

If it shows severe itchy skin irritation, cool the area until the vet arrives. Be prepared to answer a few questions so that your vet can quickly determine the cause of the poisoning and start the appropriate treatment immediately:

  • When were the symptoms of poisoning noticed?
  • When was the poison eaten and, if known, what was it?
  • How much was eaten?
  • Age, size, and sex of the horse
  • Have any medications or worming treatments been administered?
  • Has any new feed been given?
  • Has the horse recently changed stables or pastures?
  • Has the horse eaten any ornamental plants?
  • Has it come into contact with pesticides or other chemicals?
  • Has the stable been renovated and has the horse possibly eaten building materials?
  • What kind of pipes are used for drinking water in the stable (lead pipes)?
  • Has the horse been able to eat stone fruit (e.g., plums, apricots)?
  • Could the horse have eaten seeds or leaves from a poisonous tree?

petsXL Sunny with branch
How is poisoning treated?

The basic principle is to remove the toxins from the body, stabilize the horse's circulation, and ensure that no organ problems or even organ failure occur.

Painkillers, circulatory aids, infusions for dehydration, liver protection, respiratory support, and possibly sedatives—all of these may be used to stabilize the horse and avert the worst.

In acute cases, you should keep your horse under close observation. The animal will need you, emotionally as well, because poisoning can cause loss of control, which can be very frightening for your four-legged friend. Be strong and accompany your horse through this crisis.

The same applies to poisoning: prevention is better than cure

To prevent poisoning from occurring in the first place, you should take appropriate precautions. Keep anything poisonous out of your horse's reach. Search for poisonous plants in the pasture and remove them. Also check the hay regularly for poisonous plants such as autumn crocus or ragwort. When out riding, you should not let your horse eat if possible, so that it does not ingest anything poisonous in unfamiliar terrain. Equipment and stables should also be checked for sources of poisoning and appropriate measures taken to protect the horses.