Anaplasmosis is a bacterial disease transmitted by domestic ticks. It occurs mainly in dogs, but also in horses, cats, sheep, goats, cattle, and humans. The infection causes acute fever, sometimes high. If left undiagnosed and untreated, recurrent episodes of the disease occur, with lameness and neurological disorders.
The disease is mainly caused by two types of anaplasma:
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by the European castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus). This tick is native to all of Europe. It also transmits babesiosis/piroplasmosis, Lyme disease, and ehrlichiosis (see corresponding articles). Anaplasma phagocytophilum attacks granulocytes (white blood cells).
Anaplasma platys, on the other hand, is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). This tick is found in southern Europe, but has also been detected in Germany. Anaplasma platys attacks thrombocytes (= blood platelets).
The anaplasmas are transmitted after the tick has been feeding for 24 hours.
After an incubation period of five to 20 days, the acute phase begins. This lasts two to four weeks. Symptoms include high fever, apathy (= listlessness), gastrointestinal disorders, nose or gum bleeding, petechiae (= pinpoint hemorrhages), lameness, and joint inflammation. This is followed by a phase in which the animals show no clinical signs. This can last for many years. Animals with a strong immune system fight off the anaplasmas during this period. If they are unable to do so, the chronic phase follows, which usually occurs in episodes. Recurrent fever, intermittent lameness, and neurological disorders such as seizures, balance and movement disorders occur. Recurrent bleeding can lead to anemia.
After a general examination, your veterinary practice will carry out blood tests to detect anaplasmosis in the preliminary report on tick bites. Due to the same orthopedic symptoms, there is a risk of confusion with Lyme disease. The same tick can even transmit both infections at the same time.
As this is a bacterial infection, it can be treated effectively with antibiotics. Treatment must be continued for a sufficient period of time, usually two to four weeks. If Lyme disease is also present, this will be treated at the same time. In some cases, several treatment intervals are necessary to completely eliminate the pathogen. Depending on the severity of the disease, further treatment measures such as blood transfusions to stabilize anemia, infusions to maintain kidney function, and medication to counteract bleeding tendencies may be necessary. Your veterinarian will discuss the exact procedure for your pet with you.
The prognosis is generally good with correct and sufficiently long treatment. If anaplasmosis is detected and treated late, permanent symptoms may occur in some cases. Permanently damaged joints can cause chronic pain. Damage to the liver, kidneys, or lungs can lead to impaired organ function and, in the worst case, organ failure.
Check your pet regularly for ticks and remove them as soon as possible. This will reduce the risk of transmission of anaplasmosis and other diseases. To prevent tick bites in the first place, year-round tick prevention is recommended for dogs and cats. Various tick repellent and tick killing medications are available. You can use collars or spot-on treatments (medication that is applied to the back of the neck), for example. Never use a product intended for dogs on cats, or vice versa. This can be fatal for cats. Some dog breeds may also have intolerances. Be sure to consult your vet to find out which product is suitable for your pet.
To remove the tick correctly and completely, always use tick tweezers or a tick card. Use these to grasp the tick as close to your pet's skin as possible. Pull the tick out slowly without twisting or squeezing it. If the tick is squashed or stressed by prolonged manipulation, it will release more saliva and thus more pathogens. If the tick's mouthparts or head remain stuck in the skin after removal, this can lead to inflammation or allergic reactions.
Then thoroughly disinfect the bite area and your hands. Dispose of the tick by burning it or wrapping it in paper towel and crushing it. Alternatively, you can simply pin it between two strips of adhesive tape. Then dispose of it in the household waste. If you want to know whether the tick is infected with anaplasma or other pathogens, send it alive in a well-sealed plastic bag by post to a special laboratory.
Observe your pet for signs such as fever, tiredness, or lameness over the next few weeks. If you suspect an infection, contact your veterinarian immediately.
This feverish infectious disease is one of the most common tick-borne diseases in dogs and is not always easy to diagnose. It causes fever, joint and muscle pain, and lameness. In Germany, the pathogen is primarily transmitted by the castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus), with an average of one in three ticks infected.
The Maine Coon is an impressive cat breed: large, muscular, and with a friendly, people-oriented nature. Its powerful build and thick coat make it a real showstopper and an ideal companion for people who have plenty of space and even more affection to offer.
FORL stands for feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions and is a very painful dental disease in cats. Almost every second cat is affected from the age of five. Even for veterinarians, FORL can only be detected with the naked eye in its final stages. X-rays of the teeth provide clarity.
Named after Swiss ophthalmologist Johann Friedrich Horner (1831–1886), Horner syndrome is not a separate disease, but rather a complex of various symptoms affecting the eyes of dogs and cats, all of which are caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve.
Fleas are small, blood-sucking parasites found worldwide. Their enormous jumping ability allows them to move quickly on and between their hosts. This can lead to veritable flea infestations. The most important measure is prevention.
Dirofilaria are long threadworms whose larvae are transmitted by various species of mosquitoes. Depending on the species, they colonize either the skin or the large blood vessels of the lungs, and in severe cases, the heart. This is why they are known as heartworms. Dirofilaria and the mosquitoes that transmit them are mainly found in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, and North America. The disease is brought to Germany by travelers and through the importation of dogs from abroad. Due to the climate-related spread of mosquitoes to the north, it is becoming increasingly important.
Prevention is better than cure: with this in mind, we offer age-appropriate veterinary care plans for a long and healthy life for your cat – from birth to old age.
Prevention is better than cure: with this in mind, we offer age-appropriate veterinary care plans for a long and healthy life for your horse – from foals to seniors.
With its distinctive spotted pattern and lively nature, the Dalmatian is one of the most famous dog breeds in the world. Behind its striking appearance lies a sensitive, energetic dog with special needs.
A tasty treat now and then will make your little darling happy and strengthen your bond. Making your own treats is not only cheaper, but also healthier. It's fun, and you know exactly what's in them. With the following recipe ideas, it's easy to do.
Your dog not only looks good at its ideal weight, it is also healthier. Being overweight in particular promotes the development of many diseases. Your vet can provide professional support in helping your dog achieve and maintain its ideal weight.
Your cat not only looks good at its ideal weight, it is also healthier. Being overweight in particular promotes the development of many diseases. Your vet can provide professional support in helping your cat achieve and maintain its ideal weight.
